Tim's Teachers Vocabulary Mastery - Chapter 9

Section 1 Learn the Words

Word	Part of speech	Definition	Chinese	Example
ameliorate	verb	to make a bad or difficult situation better	改善；减轻	The school added shaded areas and water stations to ameliorate the effects of extreme heat.
augment	verb	to increase the size, amount, strength, or value of something	增加；扩大	The researcher augmented the survey data with information from personal interviews.
coalesce	verb	to come together and form one larger group or whole	合并；联合	Several small volunteer groups began to coalesce into a single community organization.
condone	verb	to accept or allow behavior that is considered wrong	宽恕；纵容	The coach refused to condone cheating even when winning the championship was at stake.
construe	verb	to interpret the meaning of a word, statement, or action in a particular way	解释；理解	Some readers might construe the character's silence as agreement, although he never actually says yes.
delineate	verb	to describe or show something precisely and clearly	勾画；清楚描述	The report delineates the responsibilities of each member of the research team.
denounce	verb	to publicly condemn or strongly criticize someone or something	谴责；公开抨击	Community leaders gathered to denounce the deliberate destruction of the historic building.
disseminate	verb	to spread information or ideas widely	传播；散布	The health department used social media to disseminate accurate information about the outbreak.
engender	verb	to cause a feeling, condition, or situation to develop	产生；引起	A leader who listens carefully can engender trust among team members.
enumerate	verb	to list things one by one	列举；枚举	In her conclusion, Maya enumerated the three main reasons for protecting the wetlands.
equivocate	verb	to use deliberately unclear language to avoid committing to a clear position	含糊其辞；支吾	When asked whether he had approved the plan, the official began to equivocate instead of giving a direct answer.
expound	verb	to explain an idea or theory in detail	详述；阐释	The professor was invited to expound her theory during the question-and-answer session.
extrapolate	verb	to estimate or infer something beyond the known information	推断；外推	Scientists used five years of measurements to extrapolate how the glacier might change over the next decade.
forestall	verb	to prevent or delay something by taking action in advance	预先阻止；抢先行动	Workers reinforced the riverbank to forestall further erosion during the rainy season.
hamper	verb	to make progress or movement more difficult	妨碍；阻碍	Heavy fog may hamper the rescue team's search for the missing hikers.
impugn	verb	to challenge the truth, honesty, or character of someone or something	质疑；抨击	The attorney warned that speculation alone was not enough to impugn the witness's honesty.
juxtapose	verb	to place two things close together so their differences or similarities are clear	并列；并置比较	The exhibit will juxtapose photographs of the neighborhood from 1920 and today.
negate	verb	to cancel, deny, or make something ineffective	否定；使无效	One serious calculation error could negate the apparent advantage of the new design.
precipitate	verb	to cause an event or situation, especially a sudden or unwanted one, to happen	促成；使突然发生	A sudden shortage of fuel could precipitate a sharp increase in transportation costs.
proliferate	verb	to increase or spread rapidly	激增；迅速扩散	Once the invasive plant reached the lake, it began to proliferate along the shoreline.
qualify	verb	to limit or modify a statement so it is more precise or less absolute	限定；修正	The scientist qualified her conclusion by noting that the experiment involved only a small sample.
rectify	verb	to correct something that is wrong or unfair	纠正；改正	The company refunded the extra charge to rectify its billing error.
reiterate	verb	to say or state something again for emphasis or clarity	重申；反复说明	Before the trip began, the guide reiterated the rule that nobody should leave the marked trail.
renounce	verb	to formally give up, reject, or refuse to continue supporting something	放弃；宣布拒绝	After learning how the organization operated, she publicly renounced her membership.
salient	adjective	most noticeable, important, or relevant	突出的；显著的	The most salient point in the report was the dramatic decline in water use.
stipulate	verb	to state clearly that something is required as part of an agreement	规定；明确要求	The contest rules stipulate that every entry must be submitted by Friday.
tenable	adjective	able to be defended with evidence or maintained as a reasonable position	站得住脚的；可辩护的	Her explanation remained tenable because each part was supported by reliable evidence.
thwart	verb	to prevent someone from succeeding or a plan from being completed	阻挠；挫败	A locked gate thwarted the thieves' attempt to enter the warehouse.
unequivocal	adjective	completely clear and leaving no room for doubt or more than one interpretation	明确无误的；毫不含糊的	The principal gave an unequivocal response: the competition would proceed as scheduled.
vindicate	verb	to clear someone from blame or show that a claim or action was justified	证明无辜；证实正确	The newly discovered video helped vindicate the student who had been blamed for the accident.

Section 2 Immediate Retrieval

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	An author places two contrasting scenes side by side. Write the j-word.	juxtapose	juxtapose	-
2	Bad weather makes progress harder without stopping it completely. Write the h-word.	hamper	hamper	-
3	A politician avoids a direct answer by speaking vaguely. Write the e-word.	equivocate	equivocate	-
4	Complete the phrase: Extra evidence can a weak argument by adding support.	augment	augment	-
5	What a-word means to make a difficult situation better?	ameliorate	ameliorate	-
6	New evidence clears an accused person of blame. Write the v-word.	vindicate	vindicate	-
7	A speaker names several reasons one by one. Write the e-word.	enumerate	enumerate	-
8	A public figure strongly condemns an act in a speech. Write the d-word.	denounce	denounce	-
9	Researchers extend a known trend beyond the available data. Write the e-word.	extrapolate	extrapolate	-
10	An argument remains defensible after careful questioning. Write the t-adjective.	tenable	tenable	-
11	A response is completely clear and leaves no room for doubt. Write the u-adjective.	unequivocal	unequivocal	-
12	Write the s-adjective for a detail that is especially important or noticeable.	salient	salient	-
13	A teacher states an important instruction again for emphasis. Write the r-word.	reiterate	reiterate	-
14	Several separate groups gradually become one. Write the c-word.	coalesce	coalesce	-
15	Rumors multiply rapidly across many websites. Write the p-word.	proliferate	proliferate	-
16	A writer adds an important limitation to an overly broad claim. Write the q-word.	qualify	qualify	-
17	If you interpret a brief remark as an insult, what c-word can describe what you do?	construe	construe	-
18	Officials act early so a predicted shortage never occurs. Write the f-word.	forestall	forestall	-
19	Someone formally rejects a belief once supported. Write the r-word.	renounce	renounce	-
20	Mutual respect can trust within a team.	engender	engender	-
21	Write the i-word for attacking someone's honesty or credibility.	impugn	impugn	-
22	Security measures prevent a planned theft from succeeding. Write the t-word.	thwart	thwart	-
23	A principal knowingly allows repeated cheating to continue. What c-word describes accepting the misconduct?	condone	condone	-
24	Write the d-word for spreading information widely.	disseminate	disseminate	-
25	One announcement suddenly triggers a crisis. Write the p-word.	precipitate	precipitate	-
26	Write the e-word for explaining an idea in detail.	expound	expound	-
27	A major flaw cancels the benefit of a plan. Write the n-word.	negate	negate	-
28	Write the d-word for showing boundaries or responsibilities precisely.	delineate	delineate	-
29	An organization discovers an error and corrects it. Write the r-word.	rectify	rectify	-
30	A contract clearly requires payment by a certain date. Write the s-word for stating that requirement.	stipulate	stipulate	-

Section 3 Review from Earlier Chapters

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	During the interview, the athlete was ______ about her mistakes rather than trying to conceal them.	candid	candid	-
2	A debater adds reliable statistics and expert testimony to make her position more convincing. Which earlier-lesson word best describes what the new evidence does? TL bolster TR negate BL hamper BR impugn	bolster	bolster	TL
3	A leader consistently acts with generosity and concern for other people's welfare. Write the earlier-lesson adjective that best describes the leader.	benevolent	benevolent	-
4	Because the evidence was incomplete, the investigator remained ______ and avoided making accusations too quickly.	circumspect	circumspect	-
5	A researcher carefully checks the data every day for months and never neglects the smallest detail. Which earlier-lesson word best describes the researcher? TL clandestine TR assiduous BL capricious BR abrasive	assiduous	assiduous	TR
6	The noise from the construction gradually became less intense. Write the earlier-lesson word that best describes this change.	abate	abate	-
7	Restoring the abandoned trail was a(n) ______ task that required weeks of exhausting physical labor.	arduous	arduous	-
8	One result differed sharply from the consistent pattern found in hundreds of other measurements. Which earlier-lesson word best describes that result? TL tenable TR salient BL unequivocal BR aberrant	aberrant	aberrant	BR
9	An activity is deliberately kept secret because the participants do not want others to know about it. Write the earlier-lesson adjective that best describes the activity.	clandestine	clandestine	-
10	Several students decided to ______ for a later library closing time by presenting their proposal to the school board.	advocate	advocate	-
11	A manager constantly speaks to employees in a harsh, irritating way that creates unnecessary conflict. Which earlier-lesson word best describes the manager's manner? TL benevolent TR candid BL abrasive BR circumspect	abrasive	abrasive	BL
12	A person's choices change unpredictably according to sudden impulses. Write the earlier-lesson adjective that best describes this behavior.	capricious	capricious	-

Correct-answer positions: TL 1 / TR 1 / BL 1 / BR 1

Section 4 Context Practice

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	A shortage of replacement parts continued to ______ efforts to repair the damaged equipment. TL guide TR hamper BL motivate BR advocate	hamper	hamper	TR
2	The museum upgraded its alarm system to ______ any attempt to steal the valuable manuscript. TL detect TR describe BL forestall BR document	forestall	forestall	BL
3	Using the growth recorded during the first six months, analysts attempted to ______ what sales might look like next year. TL verify TR circumspect BL calculate BR extrapolate	extrapolate	extrapolate	BR
4	To strengthen the small research team, the university decided to ______ it with two additional specialists. TL restrict TR replace BL augment BR observe	augment	augment	BL
5	Although the coach understood the players' frustration, she would not ______ their decision to deliberately injure an opponent. TL predict TR condone BL examine BR report	condone	condone	TR
6	At the public meeting, residents gathered to ______ the destruction of the neighborhood's only park. TL denounce TR record BL anticipate BR discuss	denounce	denounce	TL
7	The agency created a multilingual website to ______ accurate safety information throughout the region. TL disseminate TR conceal BL arduous BR evaluate	disseminate	disseminate	TL
8	A sudden power failure threatened to ______ the scientists' attempt to complete the experiment before midnight. TL delay TR thwart BL alter BR abate	thwart	thwart	TR
9	Once the contradictory evidence emerged, the prosecutor's original explanation was no longer ______. TL obvious TR clandestine BL tenable BR popular	tenable	tenable	BL
10	The captain hoped that admitting her own mistake would ______ greater honesty among the rest of the team. TL prevent TR measure BL clandestine BR engender	engender	engender	BR
11	After the organization adopted policies he strongly opposed, the founder decided to ______ his association with it. TL explain TR review BL renounce BR maintain	renounce	renounce	BL
12	The rental agreement will ______ that tenants must obtain permission before making structural changes. TL stipulate TR predict BL observe BR suggest	stipulate	stipulate	TL
13	The judge's instructions were ______: jurors were not permitted to discuss the case with anyone. TL lengthy TR unequivocal BL tentative BR subtle	unequivocal	unequivocal	TR
14	The critic disagreed with the scientist's conclusion but had no evidence with which to ______ her integrity. TL praise TR describe BL assess BR impugn	impugn	impugn	BR
15	The documentary chose to ______ images of luxurious resorts with scenes from nearby impoverished villages. TL aberrant TR separate BL juxtapose BR describe	juxtapose	juxtapose	BL
16	The historian had to ______ her original claim after discovering evidence that several exceptions existed. TL qualify TR repeat BL publish BR defend	qualify	qualify	TL
17	Among dozens of minor details, the most ______ finding was that attendance had increased by nearly forty percent. TL ordinary TR salient BL complex BR uncertain	salient	salient	TR
18	Because his brief reply sounded sarcastic, several classmates chose to ______ it as criticism. TL repeat TR publish BL dismiss BR construe	construe	construe	BR

Correct-answer positions: TL 4 / TR 5 / BL 5 / BR 4

Section 5 Semantic Discrimination

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	A bank discovers that it charged a customer twice and reverses the extra charge to correct the mistake. Which word best describes its action? TL resolve TR repair BL rectify BR compensate	rectify	rectify	BL
2	A new bus route does not eliminate traffic congestion, but it noticeably improves a difficult transportation problem. Which word most precisely describes what the route does? TL alter TR ameliorate BL conceal BR resolve	ameliorate	ameliorate	TR
3	A scholar spends an hour developing the reasoning behind a complicated theory, including its assumptions and implications. Which word best describes what the scholar does? TL expound TR clarify BL abate BR elaborate	expound	expound	TL
4	A single unexpected bank failure suddenly triggers widespread panic in financial markets. Which word most precisely describes the failure's role? TL worsen TR cause BL accelerate BR precipitate	precipitate	precipitate	BR
5	A safety improvement saves ten minutes, but a new inspection requirement adds exactly ten minutes back to the process. Which word best describes what the requirement does to the time savings? TL reduce TR clandestine BL reverse BR negate	negate	negate	BR
6	Asked for a clear position, a spokesperson deliberately uses vague phrases so that neither side can tell what she actually supports. Which word best fits? TL equivocate TR generalize BL hesitate BR evade	equivocate	equivocate	TL
7	A policy document identifies the exact authority and responsibilities of each department so there is no confusion about their roles. Which word best describes what the document does? TL illustrate TR outline BL delineate BR summarize	delineate	delineate	BL
8	After already explaining the evacuation rule, a principal states it again because it is especially important. Which word best describes this action? TL review TR reiterate BL repeat BR rephrase	reiterate	reiterate	TR
9	Three independent student movements gradually unite and become one organization with shared leadership. Which word best describes the change? TL collaborate TR assiduous BL coalesce BR assemble	coalesce	coalesce	BL
10	Rather than saying there were many problems, a witness names the six problems individually. Which word best describes this action? TL summarize TR enumerate BL categorize BR assiduous	enumerate	enumerate	TR
11	After appearing on one website, nearly identical false stories rapidly multiply across hundreds of accounts. Which word best describes what the stories do? TL proliferate TR circulate BL accumulate BR expand	proliferate	proliferate	TL
12	A student is blamed for altering a file, but computer records later prove that another person made the change. Which word best describes what the records do for the student? TL exonerate TR defend BL aberrant BR vindicate	vindicate	vindicate	BR

Correct-answer positions: TL 3 / TR 3 / BL 3 / BR 3

Section 6 Synonyms

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box	Notes
S1	PRECIPITATE: TL trigger TR prevent BL restrain BR predict	trigger	precipitate	TL	Predict is related to future events but means to anticipate them, not cause them.
S2	THWART: TL pursue TR threaten BL foil BR enable	foil	thwart	BL	Threaten resembles thwart in sound and may precede prevention, but it does not mean to prevent success.
S3	EXPOUND: TL condense TR expose BL elaborate BR dismiss	elaborate	expound	BL	Expose resembles expound in sound but means to reveal or uncover.
S4	QUALIFY: TL generalize TR quantify BL repeat BR limit	limit	qualify	BR	Quantify resembles qualify but means to express or measure an amount.
S5	NEGATE: TL affirm TR nullify BL negotiate BR increase	nullify	negate	TR	Negotiate resembles negate but means to discuss terms in order to reach an agreement.
S6	IMPUGN: TL challenge TR endorse BL improve BR repeat	challenge	impugn	TL	Improve begins similarly but means to make something better, not question its truth or integrity.
S7	REITERATE: TL retract TR conceal BL repeat BR invent	repeat	reiterate	BL	Retract shares the prefix re- but means to withdraw a statement rather than state it again.
S8	STIPULATE: TL question TR simulate BL suggest BR specify	specify	stipulate	BR	Simulate resembles stipulate but means to imitate or model something.
S9	UNEQUIVOCAL: TL uncertain TR unambiguous BL lengthy BR equivalent	unambiguous	unequivocal	TR	Equivalent resembles unequivocal in form but means equal in value or meaning.
S10	ENGENDER: TL generate TR prevent BL endanger BR measure	generate	engender	TL	Endanger sounds similar but means to put something at risk.
S11	RENOUNCE: TL forsake TR explain BL announce BR embrace	forsake	renounce	TL	Announce sounds similar but means to make something known publicly.
S12	CONSTRUE: TL construct TR ignore BL repeat BR interpret	interpret	construe	BR	Construct resembles construe but means to build or create.
S13	FORESTALL: TL permit TR describe BL prevent BR forecast	prevent	forestall	BL	Forecast resembles forestall but means to predict rather than prevent.
S14	AMELIORATE: TL worsen TR improve BL amplify BR memorize	improve	ameliorate	TR	Amplify is tempting because both describe change, but amplify means to increase rather than make better.
S15	CONDONE: TL condemn TR examine BL tolerate BR console	tolerate	condone	BL	Console resembles condone in form but means to comfort someone.
S16	EXTRAPOLATE: TL observe TR project BL extract BR verify	project	extrapolate	TR	Extract resembles extrapolate but means to remove or obtain something, not extend a trend beyond known data.
S17	DELINEATE: TL obscure TR delete BL combine BR define	define	delineate	BR	Delete resembles delineate in appearance but means to remove something.
S18	EQUIVOCATE: TL hedge TR declare BL equate BR confirm	hedge	equivocate	TL	Equate resembles equivocate but means to treat two things as equal.
S19	DENOUNCE: TL praise TR explain BL announce BR condemn	condemn	denounce	BR	Announce sounds similar but means to make information public, not to condemn it.
S20	HAMPER: TL hinder TR assist BL hammer BR praise	hinder	hamper	TL	Hammer resembles hamper in sound but is not a synonym.
S21	DISSEMINATE: TL conceal TR spread BL collect BR dissolve	spread	disseminate	TR	Collect is related to information but means to gather it rather than distribute it.
S22	RECTIFY: TL predict TR recite BL correct BR damage	correct	rectify	BL	Recite resembles rectify in sound but means to repeat something aloud.
S23	ENUMERATE: TL omit TR summarize BL list BR estimate	list	enumerate	BL	Summarize is related to presenting information but does not require listing items individually.
S24	SALIENT: TL prominent TR ordinary BL silent BR trivial	prominent	salient	TL	Silent resembles salient in spelling but means making no sound.
S25	JUXTAPOSE: TL conceal TR justify BL separate BR contrast	contrast	juxtapose	BR	Justify resembles juxtapose in its opening letters but means to defend or explain.
S26	TENABLE: TL untenable TR defensible BL temporary BR obvious	defensible	tenable	TR	Temporary may describe how long a position lasts, but it does not describe whether the position can be defended.
S27	PROLIFERATE: TL diminish TR isolate BL multiply BR prolong	multiply	proliferate	BL	Prolong shares a similar beginning but means to make something last longer.
S28	AUGMENT: TL reduce TR organize BL argue BR increase	increase	augment	BR	Organize is related to managing resources, but it does not mean to increase them.
S29	VINDICATE: TL exonerate TR criticize BL indicate BR accuse	exonerate	vindicate	TL	Indicate resembles vindicate in spelling but means to point out or show.
S30	COALESCE: TL separate TR merge BL wander BR coerce	merge	coalesce	TR	Coerce resembles coalesce in appearance but means to force someone to act.

Correct-answer positions: TL 8 / TR 7 / BL 8 / BR 7

Section 7 Cumulative Reading

The River Project — target words used in the passage: coalesce, augment, proliferate, disseminate, delineate, equivocate, qualify, engender, forestall, hamper, negate, enumerate, tenable, salient

Section 8 Reading & Application

#	Prompt	Answer	Box	Notes
1	What does the statement that the project began to coalesce suggest about the volunteers and organizations involved? TL They divided the work into unrelated projects. TR They gradually lost interest in the project. BL They competed to control the project. BR They began coming together around one larger shared effort.	They began coming together around one larger shared effort.	BR	Passage: “Science teachers, neighborhood volunteers, and members of an environmental club all offered assistance.”
2	Why did Leila qualify her earlier claims at the community meeting? TL She wanted to make her original statement sound more absolute. TR She wanted to make her claim more precise by acknowledging an important limitation. BL She had forgotten the details of the project. BR She wanted to withdraw the restoration proposal entirely.	She wanted to make her claim more precise by acknowledging an important limitation.	TR	Passage: “The project could reduce long-term damage to the stream, she explained, but any construction might temporarily disturb some animals.”
3	Why did the team place barriers around the exposed soil? TL To measure how much rain fell. TR To act in advance to prevent erosion. BL To make the trail permanently inaccessible. BR To encourage water to flow through the planted areas.	To act in advance to prevent erosion.	TR	Passage: “The team placed barriers around exposed soil to forestall erosion, but the storm arrived earlier than expected.”
4	When Leila says that one setback did not negate months of planning, what is she arguing? TL The setback did not cancel the value of the work already completed. TR The planning had caused the storm damage. BL The team should repeat all of its earlier planning. BR The planning was less detailed than volunteers had believed.	The setback did not cancel the value of the work already completed.	TL	Passage: “She argued that one setback did not negate months of careful planning.”
5	Why is Leila's indoor-work proposal described as tenable? TL It required the volunteers to ignore the weather conditions. TR It guaranteed that the project would finish immediately. BL It was a reasonable plan that could be supported by practical alternatives. BR It was the most popular idea before the storm.	It was a reasonable plan that could be supported by practical alternatives.	BL	Passage: “The team could build signs, organize tools, and prepare educational materials without entering the muddy site.”
6	According to the final paragraph, what was the most salient result of the project? TL The restored area was larger than expected. TR The walking trail was closed permanently. BL The students completed every part of the original plan. BR The students learned to work together as a coordinated team.	The students learned to work together as a coordinated team.	BR	Passage: “Students who had barely spoken to one another at the beginning were now working as a coordinated team.”
7	Describe a school problem and explain one action that could ameliorate it and one obstacle that might hamper the solution.	More late buses could ameliorate overcrowding after school, but a shortage of drivers might hamper the district's efforts.	-	Model response: More late buses could ameliorate overcrowding after school, but a shortage of drivers might hamper the district's efforts.
8	Imagine you are creating a history presentation. Explain two things you would juxtapose and identify the salient difference you want the audience to notice.	I would juxtapose photographs of the city before and after the earthquake so the salient difference in the condition of the buildings would be immediately visible.	-	Model response: I would juxtapose photographs of the city before and after the earthquake so the salient difference in the condition of the buildings would be immediately visible.
9	Write two sentences about a contest: one describing something its rules stipulate and another explaining how organizers could rectify an unfair mistake.	The rules stipulate that each student may submit only one entry. If an eligible entry were accidentally rejected, the organizers could rectify the mistake by restoring it to the competition.	-	Model response: The rules stipulate that each student may submit only one entry. If an eligible entry were accidentally rejected, the organizers could rectify the mistake by restoring it to the competition.
10	Describe a situation in which someone's honesty is impugned and later evidence vindicates that person.	The missing money initially impugned the treasurer's honesty, but bank records later vindicated her by showing that the apparent shortage resulted from a computer error.	-	Model response: The missing money initially impugned the treasurer's honesty, but bank records later vindicated her by showing that the apparent shortage resulted from a computer error.

Correct-answer positions: TL 1 / TR 2 / BL 1 / BR 2

Section 9 Final Retrieval

#	Prompt	Answer	Scores as	Box
1	Write the word for a claim that can still be reasonably defended with evidence.	tenable	tenable	-
2	Complete the sentence: One serious flaw could ______ the benefits of the otherwise efficient system.	negate	negate	-
3	Write the word for challenging someone's honesty, integrity, or credibility.	impugn	impugn	-
4	A writer puts two descriptions next to each other specifically to make their differences striking. What word describes this technique?	juxtapose	juxtapose	-
5	A school discovers that a student's grade was entered incorrectly and changes the record to fix the error. What word describes this action?	rectify	rectify	-
6	Researchers use an established pattern in existing data to estimate what may happen beyond the measured period. What word describes this process?	extrapolate	extrapolate	-
7	Write the word for interpreting a statement or action in a particular way.	construe	construe	-
8	Complete the sentence: The agreement will ______ that all participants must wear protective equipment.	stipulate	stipulate	-
9	False accounts rapidly multiply across a social network. What word describes what the accounts do?	proliferate	proliferate	-
10	Complete the sentence: New documents may ______ the scientist whose results were unfairly questioned.	vindicate	vindicate	-
11	Complete the sentence: The chairperson paused to ______ the three requirements individually.	enumerate	enumerate	-
12	Complete the sentence: The revised policy was designed to ______ the burden on families with limited transportation.	ameliorate	ameliorate	-
13	Complete the sentence: The organization used radio, websites, and posters to ______ the warning throughout the region.	disseminate	disseminate	-
14	A security system prevents intruders from completing their plan. What word describes what the system does?	thwart	thwart	-
15	Early repairs prevent a minor crack from becoming a major structural failure. What word describes what the repairs do?	forestall	forestall	-
16	Write the word for publicly condemning an action in strong terms.	denounce	denounce	-
17	Write the word for formally giving up or rejecting a former belief or allegiance.	renounce	renounce	-
18	Write the word for explaining a complex idea extensively and in detail.	expound	expound	-
19	Write the adjective for the point that is most important or noticeable in a complicated discussion.	salient	salient	-
20	Complete the sentence: The report will ______ the precise limits of the proposed development zone.	delineate	delineate	-
21	The museum adds oral histories to an existing exhibit to make the exhibit richer and more complete. What word describes what the new material does?	augment	augment	-
22	Complete the sentence: Poor visibility could ______ the pilots' efforts to locate the landing area.	hamper	hamper	-
23	A manager knows that employees are falsifying reports but continues to allow the practice. What word describes what the manager is doing?	condone	condone	-
24	Complete the sentence: Respectful treatment can ______ loyalty among employees.	engender	engender	-
25	A scientist adds a limitation to a broad statement so it more accurately reflects the evidence. What word describes this?	qualify	qualify	-
26	Several small organizations gradually become one unified coalition. What word describes this process?	coalesce	coalesce	-
27	Complete the sentence: The teacher had to ______ the safety instruction because several students had missed it the first time.	reiterate	reiterate	-
28	A sudden announcement triggers a rush of withdrawals from a bank. What word describes what the announcement does?	precipitate	precipitate	-
29	A speaker deliberately avoids committing to either side of a controversial question. What word describes what the speaker does?	equivocate	equivocate	-
30	Complete the sentence: The director's answer was ______; everyone understood that the deadline would not be extended.	unequivocal	unequivocal	-